While global value chains (GVCs) are considered an important development escalator, concerns over their environmental consequences have been increasing. By providing opportunities to shift production to developing economies, GVCs risk carbon leakage. Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have...

In this paper we provide a method to characterise global value chains and a related decomposition of bilateral gross exports by distinguishing three different stages of the value-added flows: (i) the source of value added, (ii) the final assembly stage of a product, and (iii) the final...

This report offers an extensive analysis of the effects of the EU Single Market. It sheds light on four interrelated aspects: It first reveals the asymmetric economic performance across member countries, which also mirrors structural differences. These differences in economic outcomes are next...