We examine changes in the manufacturing sector value chains of the EU, US, China, and India between 2018 and 2023 by introducing three metrics for supply-chain vulnerability. For our first metric, the physical length of a supply chain based on the distance between the producer of the final...

Managerial skills for developing agricultural value chains -- Agricultural development bank -- Crystal Lake Fisheries – I -- Ghana nuts -- Nutco Ivoire: the cashew pricing dilemma -- Totgars’ co-operative sale society -- Casscorp: breaking the commodity monopoly -- Megha farms -- Henn & Co...

Extensive research has demonstrated the existence of large potential welfare gains from trade facilitation - measures to reduce the overall costs of the international movement of goods. From an equity perspective an important question is how those benefits are distributed across and within...