This paper employs the rank-order instrumental variable (IV) procedure of Vella and Verbeek (1997) to estimate the returns to education for Australian youth. The attraction of this approach is that it can account for the endogeneity of schooling in the wage equation via the use of instrumental...

An innovation which bypasses the need for instruments when estimating endogenous treatment effects is identification via conditional second moments. The most general of these approaches is Klein and Vella (2010) which models the conditional variances semiparametrically. While this is attractive,...

This paper employs conditional second moments to identify the impact of education in wage regressions where education is treated as endogenous. This approach avoids the use of instrumental variables in a setting where instruments are frequently not available. We employ this methodology to...