This paper evaluates the determinants of the expected returns on higher education among students of Russian universities accounting for the variation of the socio-economic development of Russian regions. Based on the longitudinal study, ‘Trajectories in Education and Careers', it is shown that...

This paper examines the patterns of pre-entry coaching and corresponding investment in private tutoring before and after the introduction of the Unified State Exam (the USE). We estimate the effectiveness of private tutoring in 2012 – a few years after the USE became a prerequisite for...

This paper examines the effects of pre-entry coaching (both in terms of money and efforts) on achievement of Russian high school graduates as measured by the results of the Unified state examination (USE). Using a dataset of students from the 16 biggest Russian cities, which includes information...