Universitäten erbringen wohlfahrtsfördernde Leistungen für die Gesellschaft, insbesondere indem sie Studierende …

that students moving from elementary to middle school suffer a sharp drop in student achievement in the transition year … achievement but do not alter students' performance trajectories …

school attended in grades 3 and 6, respectively. Consistent with recent evidence from other settings, we find that students … confirm that these achievement drops occur in non-urban areas and persist through grade 10, by which time most students have … students' performance trajectories …