This paper evaluates an innovative tax revenue-sharing scheme in Brazil, designed to promote the conservation and management of protected areas. Known as the "ICMS Ecologico", the scheme was introduced by the state of Parana in Brazil and subsequently by several other states. The scheme aims to...

Past research confirms that trade and human rights are inextricably linked by trade's effects on poverty, labor, women, indigenous populations, health, and the environment. We identified surprisingly direct linkages between these two vital policies in WTO agreements as well as that regional...

In previous papers we have considered the optimal mix of biodiversity in semi-arid rangelands, focusing on the steady state. This paper addresses the question of conservation in the optimal use of rangelands. That is, it considers the optimal trajectory of biodiversity change. There are two...

In previous papers we have considered the optimal mix of biodiversity in semi-arid rangelands, focusing on the steady state. This paper addresses the question of conservation in the optimal use of rangelands. That is, it considers the optimal trajectory of biodiversity change. There are two...

In an integrated economy-ecosystem model humans choose their land use and leave the residual land as habitat for three species forming a food chain. The size of habitat determines the diversity and abundance of species. That biodiversity generates, in turn, a flow of ecosystem services with...

Ecosystem degradation has motivated a search for successful conservation approaches. The perceived failure of state-directed protected areas in the tropics has prompted experimentation with community management and co-management strategies. Numerous case studies suggest that none of these are...

Orchards are vulnerable to the damaging effects of attacks by invasive species. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on a representative tree in a stylized orchard and show how the theory of discrete time Markov chains can be used to construct a model of this tree that is to be managed in the...

Orchards are vulnerable to the damaging effects of attacks by invasive species. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on a representative tree in a stylized orchard and show how the theory of discrete time Markov chains can be used to construct a model of this tree that is to be managed in the...

Protected areas are a key tool for conservation policy but their economic impacts are not well understood. This paper presents new evidence about the local effects of strictly protected areas in Thailand, combining data on socioeconomic outcomes from a poverty mapping study with satellite-based...