The creation of university spin-offs and the development of its biotechnology industry are two of the UK's and many other countries' top research-to-commercialisation priorities. Usually more is known about the numbers of spin-offs than their performance. This paper analyses the performance of...

This paper's focus is on both the geography of entrepreneurship and on industry-collaborative links internationally, nationally and at the local level in the UK biotech industry, the world's second largest biotech industry. The paper reports on a pilot survey of the UK biotech industry. The...

Bagchi-Sen S. and Lawton Smith H. Science, institutions, and markets: developments in the Indian biotechnology sector, Regional Studies. To be competitive Indian pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies pursue both imitative and innovation-based strategies. Some undertake contractual clinical...