European Biotechnology companies and public policy-makers face to a number of crucial problems related to the development of Biotechnology in Europe : European industrial competitiveness, the relative under-exploitation of the European science base in Biotechnology, poor technology transfer...

Scientists collaborate to acquire new competencies and to access to scientific equipment that they require to perform research. Since the development of genomics and tools for «mass gene and protein exploration», instrumentation has become more and more resource-consuming, making sharing...

This paper examines how scientific and technological (S&T) human capital is transformed into financial capital through the creation of firms by scientists. The analysis is based on a database describing the positions held by 132 founders from 62 French biotech SMEs. It shows that star scientists...