The agricultural biotechnology industry has experienced consolidation. As a form of sunk costs, increased regulatory costs could contribute to exit by smaller firms and increasing industry concentration. Cost and revenue factors other than regulation, however, are more likely to explain...

By 1996, after ten years of experience with transgenic crops, there were eight countries in the world with applications for commercialization or actual approvals for sale of transgenic crops, counting the European Union as one country. Three of the seven non-EU countries were Canada, Mexico and...