Women earn less than men, and that is especially true of mothers relative to fathers. Much of the widening occurs after … family formation when mothers reduce their hours of work. But what happens when the kids grow up? To answer that question, we … together these three produce the "parental gender gap," defined as the difference in income between mothers and fathers. We …

-level models, this study analyses the effect of family policies on fathers' working hours. The results indicate that fathers work … parental leave for mothers and generous family allowances. The effects, however, are strongly contingent on fathers …, generous family allowances and father friendly parental leave schemes reduce the working hours of less educated fathers. …