In this paper, we present a pharmaceutical supply chain network model with outsourcing under price and quality competition, in both equilibrium and dynamic versions. We consider a pharmaceutical firm that is engaged in determining the optimal pharmaceutical flows associated with its supply chain...

Ecological food webs in the form of predator-prey networks are nature’s supply chains. Here, we develop a dynamic network model of ecological food webs and prove that the set of stationary points of the projected dynamical system coincides with the set of solutions of a variational inequality...