In recent years, it has widely been accepted that the ability to create, access and use knowledge and technology is becoming a fundamental determinant of long-term development and competitiveness. Thus, it is not surprising that universities have increasingly become involved in economic...

Introduction After the impact of four decades of socialism, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) were only endowed with backward technology. To achieve sustainable economic growth rates, it was necessary to foster technology transfer and modernisation (see Solow, 1956, Romer, 1990). In this sense,...