We model a firm's value process controlled by a manager maximizing expected utility from restricted shares and employee stock options. The manager also dynamically controls allocation of his outside wealth. We explore interactions between those controls as he partially hedges his exposure to...

We suggest a new measure to evaluate hedge funds - relative alpha. It links each hedge fund to a group of its peers in a straightforward, semi-parametric way. We allow for omitted factors, yet do not require knowledge of the true factor structure nor do we need to estimate any factor model. We...

The pricing kernel puzzle of Jackwerth (2000) concerns the fact that the empirical pricing kernel implied in S&P 500 index options and index returns is not monotonically decreasing in wealth as standard economic theory would suggest. Thus, those options are currently priced in a way such that...