Self-influence and self-reference are among the largely omitted, but quite substantial properties of thought systems in social sciences. These can have significant impact on the ways we can test such thought systems (theories), their applicability and reliability. This paper defines the basic...

Self-influence and self-reference are among the largely omitted, but quite substantial properties of thought systems in social sciences. These can have significant impact on the ways we can test such thought systems (theories), their applicability and reliability. This paper defines the basic...

Self-influence and self-reference are among the largely omitted, but quite substantial properties of thought systems in social sciences. These can have significant impact on the ways we can test such thought systems (theories), their applicability and reliability. This paper defines the basic...

The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) is one of the most important economic and financial hypotheses that have been tested over the past century. Due to many abnormal phenomena and conflicting evidence, otherwise known as anomalies against EMH, some academics have questioned whether EMH is...

Basel III classifies government debt as risk free while actual interest rates in the European Union (EU) show large differences not only because of liquidity but mainly because of the risk of default, as also reflected in credit default swaps. Curiously such debt defaults may not happen so that...

If Value is a statistical concept that transforms into Growth (Pal, 2016b) then the Mean Reversion Ranking Framework (Pal, 2015a) with its three bin classification Value-Core-Growth could be a new way to look at market efficiency and CAPM. The Value-Core-Growth RMI™ Indices built around the...

This paper points out to loopholes in Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) and fundamental flaws that question its validity and applicability not only for investment but for education as well. Using theoretical analysis, Monte Carlo simulations and market data I present and discuss theoretical, as well...

The quotient of random variables with normal distributions is examined and proven to have have power law decay, with density f(x)~f_0 x^(-2), with the coefficient depending on the means and variances of the numerator and denominator, and their correlation. We also obtain the conditional...

The equity premium puzzle, properly termed the American Equity Premium Puzzle, is one of the most significant empirical anomalies in finance, as it pertains to the observation that the expected return on equities has been consistently higher than that of bonds for many years, and that this...

This is the first paper to test the asset pricing implication of leverage in a laboratory. We show that as theory predicts, leverage increases asset prices: When an asset can be used as collateral (that is, when the asset can be bought on margin), its price goes up. This increase is significant,...