The recent surge in appraisal litigation has sparked debate over the desirability of appraisal and how this remedy should be structured. Much of this debate is based on untested assertions about appraisal's ex-ante effect on the structure and pricing of takeovers. Systematically investigating...

We examine how expertise of institutional investors (aka deft investors), based on the product market similarity of their 13F holdings, is related to asset prices. We find that portfolio similarity of investors is associated with returns both at the extensive and intensive margins. A long-short...