This study presents the results from a comprehensive out-of-sample test of long-run returns following mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Using a unique sample from 23 frontier markets of almost 800 transactions conducted during the years 1992 to 2016, we implement both cross-sectional tests and...

We examine how using stock as the method of payment affects a bidder's investor base and investor recognition, and the bidder announcement return. We hypothesize that relative to a cash acquisition, a stock acquisition would increase the bidder's investor base and lower Merton's (1987) shadow...