Leverage effect has become an extensively studied phenomenon which describes the negative relation between the stock return and its volatility. Although this characteristic of stock returns is well acknowledged, most studies about it are based on cross-sectional calibration with parametric...

This research provides a theoretical foundation for our previous empirical finding that leverage effect has a role in estimating and forecasting volatility. This empirics is also related to earlier econometric studies of news impact curves (Engle and Ng, Chen and Ghysels). Our new theoretical...