A crucial step in the quantification of damage in the context of damages claims is the estimation of the counterfactual price level: the price level that would have been observed in the absence of the cartel. This article discusses the Difference-in-Differences (“DiD”) estimation procedure...

The damages directive recently adopted by the European Parliament and the Council contains a rebuttable presumption regarding the damage presumably caused by cartels. This rebuttable presumption, while allowing a reversal of the burden of proof which may be procedurally justified in facilitating...

In the wake of the successful implementation of leniency programs in and across the EU other instruments of cartel detection have become less prominent. In the period from 2002 to the end of 2005, the Commission adopted 30 statements of objections, a necessary procedural step before taking a...

The organisational form and potential harm caused by cartels are fundamentally dependent on the parameters of the coordination. In contrast to classical price cartels, where prices are coordinated and monitored, market allocation cartels permit cartelists to set prices independently....