This study aims to identify and examine the potential economic factors that determining the ‘net errors & omissions’ (EO) in balance of payment accounts. Two structural specifications are derived from the balance of payments (BoP) constraint, and open economy macro equilibrium...

This paper examines the relationship between democracy and economic growth in 30 Sub-Saharan African countries. As our proxy for democracy we first use the democracy index constructed by Freedom House and then check the sensitivity of our findings using, as an alternative proxy for democracy,...

Manufacturing and services have been regarded as the ???twin engines' of growth for Singapore economy. As the economy is moving up the value chain from downstream to upstream activities, a significant proportion of FDI (foreign direct investment) has been attracted to the manufacturing and...

This paper finds that exchange rate variability does affect the causation between FDI and electronics exports using Malaysia’s top five electronics exports by SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) product groups. The Granger causation runs from FDI to exports of automatic...

Tourism has been identified as one of the key growth sectors in Singapore economy. Given that the city state has been recognised as one of the most open economies in the world, this study attempts to explore the causality relationships between tourism, openness to merchandise and services trade....

Services trade is an important source of growth in Malaysia and Singapore. Both economies are export-oriented and actively court foreign direct investment (FDI) to advance their economic objectives of industrialisation and economic development. This paper examines the causal linkages between...

By extending Wong and Tang’s (2007) study, this study aims to further explore the causal relations between FDI (foreign direct investment), exports and imports. There is a unique long-run causal relationship running from exports as well as imports to FDI. A bidirectional causal...