As distinct from income or wealth inequality, ‘social inequality’ is currently poorly understood and, at best, unevenly measured. We conceptualize social inequality as the relative position of individuals along a number of dimensions that measure achieved outcomes and, innovatively,...

Several studies have shown that perceptions of inequality vary with individuals’ socioeconomic location: the higher the level of income, the less inequality is perceived. Here we argue that another type of location, the rural or urban area where an individual lives, is an important determinant...