Large increases in TARGET2 balances in the euro area since 2008 have led to concern and debate about the appropriate interpretation and policy reaction - in particular in TARGET2 creditor countries such as Germany. Against this background, we examine the main drivers of the increases and...

Im Januar 2002 wurden die neuen Euroscheine mit großen Hoffnungen verteilt, heute, nur zehn Jahre später, steckt das Europrojekt in einer tiefen Krise: Was als europäisches Friedensprojekt begann, hat zu Streit und Unwillen geführt, der nur durch den tiefen Griff in das Sparkonto der...

The European Monetary Union is stuck in a severe balance-of-payments imbalance of a nature similar to the one that destroyed the Bretton Woods System. Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy have suffered from balance-of-payments deficits whose accumulated value, as measured by the Target...

The Target liabilities of the GIPS countries (Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain) amounted to 314 billion euros in March 2011. They measure the additional central bank money that their corresponding National Central Banks (NCBs) have loaned in excess of the money needed to cover their domestic...

The Target liabilities of the GIPS countries (Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain) amounted to314 billion euros in March 2011. They measure the additional central bank money that their corresponding National Central Banks (NCBs) have loaned in excess of the money needed to cover their domestic...

Inhalt: 1.Vorbemerkungen 2. Die Euroblase 3. Die Kredithilfen der EZB: Von der Nothilfe zur Dauereinrichtung 4. Die Zahlungsbilanz und der Target-Saldo 5. Warum die Target-Salden Kredite sind 6. Die Verlagerung des Refinanzierungskredits 7. Vergleich mit dem Bretton-Woods-System 8. Von der...