This chapter reviews the literature on the causal effects of policies on fertility. It focuses on evidence from … experiments and quasi-experiments in low fertility contexts, including studies from Europe, Northern America, Oceania and Asia …. Making no a priori restrictions on policy type, the review encompasses evaluations of parental leave, childcare, health …

maximizes welfare across demographic groups depends on the fertility rate in the economy. Policies chosen when all demographic … excludes children from the electorate, when the fertility rate is low, and Pareto-reducing when the fertility rate is high … to retirees in the economy. Public investment in child care can change the fertility rate and shift the economy toward a …

increase in fertility rates, particularly for second births among married and older women, providing suggestive evidence of an … increase in completed fertility. Second, we find an increase in overall female employment, likely due to the desire to qualify …

This paper examines the impact of two major family policies on maternal health, using rich claims data from the German … and heterogeneous effects on mental health. Childcare tends to reduce diagnoses of mental disorders and the use of …

This paper presents novel causal evidence on the effects of pro-natalist cash transfers on fertility, sex ratio at … birth, and infant health. In the context of South Korea, I exploit rich spatial and temporal variation in cash transfers … total fertility rate in 2015 would have been 4.7% lower without the cash transfers. Surprisingly, the cash transfers had an …

We investigate how the season of birth affects human health and aging. For this purpose, we use five waves of the … Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) dataset and construct a health deficit index for 21 European … spring and summer (compared to autumn). At given age, they have developed about 3.5 percent more health deficits. The bulk of …

health and behaviours of two-parent families and their children. Using a difference-in-differences model, we find no evidence … that the program improved child and parental outcomes in aggregate. A modest but fragile beneficial effect is found for low-education …

We revisit the cyclical nature of birth rates and infant health and investigate to what extent the relationship between … through unemployment insurance (UI). We introduce a novel empirical test of standard neoclassical models of fertility that … fertility rates. This implies that the well-documented cyclical nature of fertility rates is about access to liquidity. We also …