This study was conducted as part of the 3rd wave impact evaluation of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino program. The objective is to analyze the longer-term "lock-in" effects of time-critical program inputs on education and health outcomes for specific cohorts of beneficiaries. The cohorts are...

The primary rationale of the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) program is to begin where the children are, which means building up on what children already know. It is designed to implement a learner-centered education from the beginning of the education ladder. The MTB-MLE...

Which children benefit from conditional cash transfers (CCT)? Using a sample of poor and near-poor households in the Philippines, we show that children in households that receive cash transfers from 4Ps, the country's flagship anti-poverty program, have parents with relatively low educational...