This chapter summarizes the main trends, policies and empirical evidence regarding immigration in Europe. We start by … providing descriptive evidence on long-term immigration trends and current characteristics of the immigrant populations in … the second part of the chapter, we provide a survey of the large and growing literature on the recent European immigration …

. This large scale immigration within a short time period had important social, as well as, economic consequences. The paper … reviews the existing evidence and concludes that on average the economic effects of immigration were beneficial, although … their distributional consequences were adverse. Greek immigration policy was haphazard and more efforts are needed in order …

of an aging population and a declining working age population, hence highlighting the pertinence of immigration as a … the pertinence of immigration as a possible solution. …

, which followed the pre-existing patterns of Eastern German immigration immediately after WWII. We construct a Manpower …, European, and Asian firms. Our results help inform relevant debates such as the reform of immigration policies and the …