Many writers have claimed that R&D has two 'faces'. In addition to the conventional role of stimulating innovation, R … important in this catch up process as well as stimulating innovation directly. Trade, by contrast, plays a more modest role in …

different innovation outcomes, using a firm-level dataset collected in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China. It also … innovation sales and to create new knowledge qualified for patenting. In addition to own R&D activities, they rely on sourcing … knowledge from different sets of sources to support them to carry out the last three types of innovation outcomes. -- Innovation …

-collectivism. The model predicts that more individualism leads to more innovation because of the social rewards associated with … innovation in an individualist culture. This cultural effect may offset the negative effects of bad institutions on growth … individualism on growth through innovation. Using genetic data as instruments for culture we provide strong evidence of a causal …