This paper uses a national survey of 200 Chinese town and village enterprises (TVEs) from 1985 to 1990 to explore empirically the effect of contractual arrangements on the performance of enterprises under Chinese institutional conditions. A theoretical model that emphasizes a potentially...

Scholars in economics and political science argue that one major function of government is to overcome coordination failure in economic development, especially during times of rapid environmental changes. But, how and through what means does the state coordinate firms to follow the changing...

This paper demonstrates that the largest business association of private firms in the People's Republic of China (PRC), the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC), has induced its members to help achieve the goals of the PRC's extremely ambitious but risky Belt and Road Initiative...