Does a firm engage in a joint venture with a technologically advanced foreign partner to complement or substitute investments in its own technological capabilities? We address this question in a comparative study of 222 Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturers and Sino-foreign joint ventures. A...

Until around 1980, Japanese companies occupied a predominant position in Asia. Their Asian operations are managed by Japanese persons and in the Japanese language. This Japanese-style international management is well suited to transfer technology and know-how from Japanese parent companies to...