China's currency policy has been criticized for its apparent pursuit of mercantile advantage by artificially stimulating exports, which potentially have adverse effects on other economies. While China's currency policy may have positive output effects, there may be additional profits or losses....

China's currency policy has been criticized for its apparent pursuit of mercantile advantage by artificially stimulating exports, which potentially have adverse effects on other economies. While China's currency policy may have positive output effects, there may be additional profits or losses....

The Urban Household Income and Expenditure Surveys, conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics, are extensively explored in income distribution studies. However, we find that a survey coverage expansion that includes migrant residents in the urban sample may induce serious data inconsistency...