Learning is a key component of firm upgrades in emerging economies, and China is noexception. Studies have identified two critical mechanisms that facilitate learning: 1)connections with supportive local governments that enhance access to resources or publiclyfunded knowledge and 2) connections...

This paper examines the effects of institutional forces on change schemas of senior managers, mid-level managers and front-line workers of different types of firms in China. We postulate that several socio-economic forces including regional economic prsoperity, firm type (state-owned and...