This paper investigates the impact of inter-firm relationships on a firm's incentive to adjust its capital structure. We predict that firms with tight business relationships with other firms have less incentive to adjust their capital structure because their information will be propagated...

We identify factors affecting the Japanese stock market during the COVID-19 pandemic period. First, we focus on the ownership structure. We find that indirect ownership through the exchange-traded fund purchasing program by the Bank of Japan has a positive impact on abnormal returns. Foreign...