unions are remarkable: unions in the workplace significantly improve productivity but reduce enterprise profitability …This paper uses the national firm level survey data to investigate the effects of Chinese unions on firm performance …. We show that Chinese unions have a strong "State-Party voice" face and a "collective voice" face but lack of "monopoly …

and wages, employment, productivity, and economic output in China. The findings indicate that union density does not … affect average wage levels, but is positively associated with aggregate productivity and output. We discuss if and to what … extent these findings are consistent with the familiar two faces of unions model and alternative explanations relevant in the …