When measuring the nominal effective exchange rate (NEER), three factors should be considered: direct import competition, direct export competition and third market competition. The traditional NEER methodology using aggregated export trade data underestimates the competition between countries...

Due to the rapid development of the automobile industry and the ever-increasing quantities of produced and sold automobiles in China, many problems such as fuel scarcity and air pollution have emerged. To alleviate such problems, one solution is to promote households to purchase...

With the development of China’s financial reform, Chinese financial markets are becoming closely linked. The cross-market spillover effect of financial risks is the core of systemic risks. Based on the structure learning of Bayesian network, a new method is proposed to measure the multilateral...