Background: Measuring chronological age alone does not provide sufficient context for understanding the impact of ageing on societal resource planning. The burden of age-related diseases (ARDs) reflects age-related morbidity and mortality at the population level, which unveils the underlying...

We investigate the causes of the high first day returns of Chinese firms making an initial public offering (IPO) of A-shares from 1991 to 2003 on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. Our results show an average underpricing of 175.21 percent. We argue that the IPO underpricing is an...

School shutdown due to the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to an increase in education inequality through disproportionately affecting disadvantaged children. We use data from a unique survey of 7,330 junior high school students and their parents from Shaanxi to...