Many children worldwide are left-behind by parents migrating for work — over 61 million in rural China alone, almost half of whom are left-behind by both parents. While previous literature considers impacts of one parent absent on educational inputs (e.g., study time, enrollment, schooling...

Corrupt officials can use their positions to enrich themselves in two ways. They can steal from the state budget--embezzling or misspending funds--or they can demand extra payments from citizens in return for services--bribery. In many circumstances, embezzlement is less distortionary than...

This paper investigates empirically the impact of increasing volume of trade on wage inequality in four industrial sectors in Hong Kong. We generate the hypotheses within the context of the Heckscher-Ohlin model, and use the cointegration techniques to test the hypotheses. Because of the large...