The literature has described how challenger firms from emerging economies first develop resources and capabilities by serving domestic markets, and then leverage their domestic strengths to compete in global markets. But in our era of open innovation, there are multiple paths to participation in...

Government and nonprofit innovation intermediaries that work to enable the innovativeness of firms include R&D performers such as government research institutes, property-based enablers such as science parks and business incubators, technology transfer offices, economic development...