There is now a growing consensus that ratifying International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) is the most effective way to tackle trans-boundary pollution problems. While the Social Benefit Function (SBF) critically affects emission choices as well as decisions to ratify IEAs, the related...

A system can undergo rapid regime shift in which the growth of natural resources suddenly and permanently declines. We examine how the threat of such a shift alters the strategic management of a common pool renewable resource. We consider exogenous and endogenous threats and examine their...