In the present study, we investigate the market weak efficiency hypothesis (MEH) in the case of the Tunisian exchange market. For this aim, we use fractional cointegration tests based essentially on estimation of an error correction bivariate ARFIMA model. The cointegration tests are conducted...

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in Pakistan using a multivariate model by including capital and labor as control variables for the period between 1972QI and 2011QIV. The results of the ARDL bounds testing indicate the presence of...

This study has been conducted to empirically examine the determinants of domestic credit to private sector (DCPS) in Pakistan over the period from 1980 to 2009. The relationship is determined using Johansen and Juselius’s framework and NLS and ARM based error correction model to complete the...

In this paper, we investigate the causal relationship between defense spending and economic growth in Portugal during the period of 1980–2010. We apply the ARDL bounds testing approach in the presence of structural break. The ARDL–ECM estimation results d