Gas exports to the Continent are regulated by long term take-or-pay contracts. The contracts are described and analyzed. We thereafter examine whether the most central European gas market, the German market, is integrated. Are there substantial price differences between gas from different export...

In this study, we are concern with incorporating risk factors into the Almost Ideal Demand System model. In the modified model, the risk factors affect trade response to price changes (the indirect effect) and the reallocation of the import expenditure (the direct effect). This specification can...

This paper examines the price transmission mechanisms between domestic ethanol and imported ethanol in the US market using a multivariate Johansen approach. The data and model support one cointegrating relationship between the prices of domestically produced ethanol, imported ethanol, and other...

Purpose – This study aims to link the financial cooperation in the Nordic region and the interdependence between the stock markets in this area. The main emphasis is placed on the evolution of this interdependence as the financial integration was proceeding. Design/methodology/approach –...