Determines the extent to which venture capital-backedstartups engage in cooperative commercialization strategies and identifiespossible consequences of those strategies. After a review of the literature onthe extra-financial effects of venture capital (VC) on startups, a number ofhypotheses are...

We examine how industry-university collaboration (IUC) enhances the commercialization of corporate innovation using a comprehensive dataset of 93,303 industrial firms and 153 notable research universities in China. Measuring IUC with the occurrence and frequency of patents co-assigned to both...

When are scientific advances translated into commercial products via startup formation? Although prior literature has offered several categories of answers, the commercial potential of a scientific advance is generally unobserved and potentially confounding. We assemble a sample of over 20,000...

Which factors shape the commercialization of academic scientific discoveries via startup formation? Prior literature has identified several contributing factors but does not address the fundamental problem that the commercial potential of a nascent discovery is generally unobserved, which...