The European Commission's Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law (CESL), published in October 2011, aims for an optional instrument of European Contract Law. The objectives of the Commission are twofold, namely to reduce transaction costs for businesses operating in the...

Starting from the theoretical underpinnings of contract law, mandatory rules should be the exception. In the reality of current European legislation, mandatory law is not the exception but the rule. The obvious explanation is that the EU has focused on consumer law, i.e. on the regulation of...

Die Kommission Wettbewerbsrecht 4.0 ist im September 2018 vom Bundesminister für Wirtschaft und Energie eingesetzt und beauftragt worden, Handlungsempfehlungen zur Weiterentwicklung des europäischen Wettbewerbsrechts im Lichte der digitalen Wirtschaft zu erarbeiten. Die neue Datenökonomie,...

At the beginning of the year, the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) was published. The text is the result of the work of a broad range of private law scholars from the Member States of the European Union, and it presents itself as an ‘academic’ document, committed to the precepts of...