The Court of Justice of the European Union has frequently been criticized for its allegedly pro-integration and almost pro-active judicial policy regarding the construction and the application of primary and secondary Union law. This paper aims at showing that, at least with respect to the...

Technological progress generally is not disruptive but sequential. Innovations build on prior innovations, typically by presenting improvements or complements. Under patent law, such follow-on innovation meets with an obstacle if the use of the invention underlying it infringes a prior patent,...