The International Comparison Program (ICP) was established as a system for performing cross-country comparisons. Gross domestic product (GDP) and its components are converted into a single currency using purchasing power parities (PPP) thereby eliminating the shortcomings from using market...

The International Comparison Program (ICP) was established as a system for performing cross-country comparisons. Gross domestic product (GDP) and its components are converted into a single currency using purchasing power parities (PPP) thereby eliminating the shortcomings from using market...

PISA for Development (PISA-D) aims to make the assessment more accessible and relevant to low- and middle-income countries. This report summarises findings from the out-of-school assessment results for PISA-D. By combining the out-of-school assessment with the in-school assessment, PISA-D has...