Unemployment in the European Union (EU) is a serious problem that threatens to disrupt the integration of accession countries, the character of individual countries, and the continued existence of the EU. European integration poses a huge conundrum for European employment because the...

Obvious differences between countries regarding their economic performance have led to the question whether the size, structure, and organisation of the public sector contribute to cross-country income levels and growth gaps. Public sector activities may have an effect on overall productivity...

We focus on the first 20 years of the Euro, from 1999 to 2019, and we split this period into two approximate decades to examine the performance of three benchmarks: the real GDP quarterly growth, the annualized real per capita GDP changes and unemployment. These illustrate that the under...

This paper analyzes the degree of convergence of financial development for a panel of 50 countries. We apply the methodology of Phillips and Sul (2007) to various financial development indicators to assess the existence of convergence clubs. We consider nine such indicators that various...

In this paper we examine, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the issue of convergence in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for a sample of countries representative of the world economy. We distinguish between groups of countries so that we can better understand differences attributed...

What is the relative importance of Russia and Western European countries on Central and East European and Baltic (CEE-Baltic) countries? This paper tries to address this geo-politically important question by quantifying and comparing the spillover effects of a growth and trade shocks coming out...

The East African Community (EAC) is working towards establishing deeper integrationbetween its six partner states. The EAC partner states are: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda,South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. This paper analyses the lessons the EuropeanUnion may offer the EAC in guarding against base...

The paper analyses the internationalization of European economies focusing on ten new member states (NMS-10: Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia). The degree of internationalization is measured by macroeconomic aggregates,...

Lack of global funds due to 2009 global financial crisis necessitates foreign loans for emerging countries. Emerging countries with insufficient domestic savings often apply to external debts to achieve the desired economic growth rate. Especially with the end of the WW2, the World Bank began to...