In 1885, the largest churches in Scotland were engaged in a dispute about state funding. We use data generated in the course of that dispute to examine the standard economics of religion hypothesis that higher levels of competition in 1032 local markets for religious services, proxied by the...

The Scottish Water and sewerage market for non-household customers was opened to retail competition on 1st April 2008. This development, unique in the history of the British water and sewerage industry, was the culmination of a decade-long process of industrial and regulatory restructuring in a...