Efficient cooperation, which has become common under rising economic globalization, is leading to new opportunities and challenges for enterprises choosing long-term competition strategies. Sharing resources with competitors is believed to weaken a firm's competitive edge. However, a potentially...

Purpose – This study proposes a process for remanufacturing waste electrical and electronic equipment, and exporting part of the remanufactured products, which are processed in bonded port areas, to less developed countries by using a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). The purpose of this paper...

We study supply function competition among conventional power generators with different levels of flexibility. Inflexible generators commit production before uncertainties are realized, while flexible generators can adjust their production after uncertainties are realized. Both types of...

Frequently, manufacturers experience supply disruptions due to supplier bankruptcies. Manufacturers can increase supplier reliability by providing suppliers subsidies in excess of suppliers' production costs. We examine the optimal subsidy decisions of manufacturers in four supply chain...