When the facilities of an incumbent monopolist are made available to potential competitors through some type if "essential facilities" or related claim, a common concern is that the ability to "buy" inputs substantially attenuates the incentive to "make" inputs. In this paper, we evaluated both...

For decades, economists have encouraged regulators to implement more efficient telephone pricing policies in order to eliminate the pervasive cross-subsidies from usage-based services to basic connections. Slowly, and reluctantly, regulators have moved in this direction. The most recent...

In practice, copyright is treated by economists and analysts as a tradeoff between monopoly and the incentive to create new works. This tradeoff is between stark opposites – power and innovation. Yet, in reality, copyrighted works face numerous close substitutes. In this paper, we formally...