Following various proposals in the academic literature, and in the light of the observed decrease in the number of leniency applications received by European competition authorities in the period 2015 – 2020, the German Monopolies Commission (Monopolkommission) proposed in 2022 to amend the...

The study analyzes the impact of European antitrust enforcement on industry performance measured as competition intensity (Price Cost Margin) and productivity (labor productivity and distance to the frontier). For a panel of OECD countries on the industry level since 1988, we estimate the impact...

Antitrust guidelines of the major jurisdictions, to a greater or lesser degree of detail, comment on the likelihood of entry, various factors and barriers that determine entry conditions, and the assessment of actual and potential competition. I note that the treatment of potential competition,...

Increasingly, firms are knitting together newly available mass data collection, Internet-driven interconnective power, and automated algorithmic selling with their traditional supply-chain and sales functions. Traditional sales functions such as competitive intelligence gathering and pricing are...

As a general proposition, antitrust law is hostile to price discrimination. This hostility appears to derive from a comparison of perfect competition (with no price discrimination) to monopoly (with price discrimination). Importantly, economists have known for some time that some forms of price...

This paper examines the unique vulnerability of small, atomistic sellers – including small businesses, farmers, ranchers, fishermen, professionals, and athletes – to buyer power abuses. Because of sunk costs in carrying out a chosen business or profession, atomistic sellers are likely to be...

On 27 June 2017, the European Commission fined Google €2.42 billion for “abusing dominance as search engine by giving illegal advantage to own comparison shopping service.” Allegedly, Google has algorithmically manipulated the search results of products in order to promote its own...

I present an overview of the antitrust literature on sports leagues, with particular emphasis on the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League, as well as on sanctioning...