One of the most intractable competition issues for the European Commission (the “Commission”) over the last ten years has been to define the circumstances in which the licensing conduct or litigation strategy of a standard-essential patent (often referred to as “SEP”) holders amount to...

The main objective of this paper is thus to examine the state of adoption and implementation of competition rules in the 12 Mediterranean countries (the "Euromed countries") engaged in association agreements with the EC in the framework of the Barcelona Declaration of November 1995. Indeed,...

Countries with fully liberalized telecommunications markets have adopted different mixes of antitrust and sector-specific regulatory instruments. Does the balance between the two approaches matter for competitiveness? Drawing on the experiences of Australia, Chile, New Zealand, the United...

Over the last ten years, the European Commission has been trying to increase competition in the postal sector. In order to achieve this goal, as well as other objectives such as the enhancement of the quality of postal services in the EU and the maintenance of universal service, the Commission...

This paper reviews the various areas of tension between competition and environmental protection. It examines the compatibility with EC competition rules of the environmental agreements, certain behaviours of dominant undertakings carrying out environmental activities, the exclusive rights...

Over the last few years, the European Commission and the competition authorities of a number of (Member) States have been busy investigating transactions leading to the buying/selling of premium content rights. These cases have been triggered by several factors. First, premium content...