Much government policy focuses on improving the supply-side conditions of product rivalry, but policymakers rarely address the potential beneficial impacts of improving the demand-side conditions of rivalry. This paper suggests that focus on such demand-side elements can yield substantial...

There is growing evidence that over the past few decades competition across markets in the EU may have weakened: industry concentration and markups appear to have increased, while the gap between market leaders and followers seems to have widened and business dynamism seems to have declined....