Standard economics provides a well-understood framework of the competitive determinants of market prices that is now widely accepted for antitrust analysis. In “two-sidedmarkets,” where firms supply products demanded by two interrelated groups of consumers, these competitive forces operate...

It is undeniable that economics has had a huge effect on antitrust law over the last 30 years. Richard Posner, in the preface to the second, 2001 edition of his landmark book, Antitrust Law, notes that since the publication of the first edition of the book in 1976 there has been “a profound, a...

The economics of bundled discounts are examined by breaking the contract into two elements: (1) what the firm is buying, and (2) how the firm is paying for what it is buying. The firm is buying preferred distribution, a common aspect of competition for distribution that benefits consumers. The...

This article examines the conditions when predatory pricing or exclusive dealing antitrust principles should be the controlling legal standard for the evaluation of single product loyalty discount contracts. Following Meritor, it clarifies what it means for price to be “the predominant...

This paper clarifies the relation between per se hub-and-spoke and vertical rule of reason antitrust analysis, the tension between which is illustrated with a detailed examination of the Apple e-books case